One of the mysteries of evolution (there are so many) is the origin of teeth.
The past few years have witnessed a remarkable flurry of research on the origin or origins of vertebrate teeth. While this work is progressing, the details of when, where, why, and how teeth first appeared still elude consensus. Indeed, there is not even agreement on the fundamentals, such as how we define a tooth.1... More...
An oft-repeated claim of evolutionary propaganda is that chimpanzee and human DNA are 98.5% identical. This high level of DNA similarity, which has been cherry picked from protein coding regions common to all mammals, has been used to bolster the hypothesis that humans and chimps share a common ancestor that lived about six million years ago. Based on theoretical models of human evolution and known mutation rates in both humans and chimps, ... More...
Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms that contain diverse differentiated cell types. Within almost every cell there are subcellular compartments called organelles that manage specific functions. The most important organelles include the nucleus, mitochondrion, and chloroplast, which are each enclosed within a distinct phospholipid bilayer (double membrane). These membrane-bound organelles are highly complex and provide distinct resources ... More...